Progression to CRPC

Prostate cancer initially responds to ADT, but persistent resistance leads to progression to CRPC.

Biological Characteristics

Even in androgen-deprived conditions, tumor growth continues, with increased invasiveness and metastasis.

Clinical Risk

Metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) has limited treatment options and is a major cause of prostate cancer–related death.

Treatment Strategy and Outcomes

Penetrium combination therapy improved clinical outcomes by overcoming enzalutamide resistance.

01

Key Driver of Tumor Progression

ECM remodeling and CAF activation in prostate cancer progression and metastasis are key factors driving invasion and drug resistance.

02

Normalization of the Tumor Microenvironment

Niclosamide alleviates ECM stiffening and tumor growth barriers by inhibiting STAT3/TGF‑β/Wnt signaling. 

03

A New Therapeutic Approach

In CRPC, it can be applied as a strategy targeting both AR‑V7–driven resistance and ECM-mediated drug resistance.